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be的一種特殊用法
作者:劉永科  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點擊數(shù)  更新時間:2015-01-25  文章錄入:劉永科  責(zé)任編輯:admin

 

be的一種特殊用法  

   

■本站特約作者  劉永科  

     

在新課標(biāo)人教版選修六第5單元中,有這樣一個句子:I’ll never forget my first sight of an eruption. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. 2句中的 was 是系動詞無疑,但沒有“是”的意思。那么,在這里是什么含義呢?回答這個問題,首先要搞清楚主語It指代什么。顯然 It 指代上文的 eruption。既如此,was 應(yīng)該是“發(fā)生”的意思,相當(dāng)于 happened broke out  

這就是動詞be 的一個特殊用法,其主語往往是表示“事件”的名詞,如:meeting, talk, lecture, report, discussion, match, game, party, concert, play, accident, eruption, event等。因此,上句譯成漢語應(yīng)該是:我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我第一次看見火山噴發(fā)時的情景,那(指“火山爆發(fā)”)是發(fā)生在我抵達(dá)夏威夷的第二個星期之后。又如:    

---When was her birthday party? ---It was the night before last. 她的生日派對(聚會)是何時舉辦的?前天晚上。(was 等于 was held)

Our school sports meet will be next week. 我們學(xué)校的運動會將在下周舉行。(be等于take place)    

It was reported that the accident was on Tuesday and five people were killed. 據(jù)報道事故發(fā)生在星期二,有五人喪生。(was等于happened)

This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth. (選修6第四單元,Reading) 這種現(xiàn)象(溫室效應(yīng))發(fā)生在大氣層中少量的氣體,如二氧化碳,甲烷,水蒸氣等,吸收太陽的熱量,因而使地球變暖的時候。(is等于takes place)    

下列兩句很有意思,一字之差,但意思相差甚遠(yuǎn)。請比較:    

It was Sunday. We went out for a picnic.    

It was on Sunday. We stayed at home and didn’t know anything about the accident.    

有人把 It was Sunday. It was on Sunday. 混為一談,認(rèn)為意思沒什么區(qū)別。其實,這兩個句子的含義大不一樣。前者譯為“時間是星期天”,It 指時間;后者譯為“事情發(fā)生在星期天”,It 指某個事件。    

一般說來,be 表示“發(fā)生”意義時,除了它的主語表示“事件”概念外,還往往有一時間狀語跟它連用。  

 

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