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“too...to...結構”中不定式用主動還是被動?
作者:劉永科  文章來源:本站原創  點擊數  更新時間:2014-04-28  文章錄入:劉永科  責任編輯:admin

 

too...to...結構”中不定式用主動還是被動?

 

■本站特約作者  劉永科

 

【問】這是2010年山東卷高考題:

That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.

A. that B. which C. whose D. what

這個句子中,不定式用了被動形式,請問:能用主動形式嗎?

【答】That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.這句話,不定式完全可以用主動形式:

That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to see.

在“主語+ be + too+形容詞+不定式”句式中,動詞不定式一般表示結果。當something充當了句子的主語,跟不定式存在邏輯上的被動關系時,不定式既可以用主動形式,也可以用被動形式。這兩者的區別是:

主動形式忽略了句子主語跟不定式的被動關系,而強調了人的主體行為,即人去做這件事,因此,可以在不定式之前加上邏輯主語for somebody

被動形式強調了句子主語跟不定式的被動關系,在不定式之前不能加上邏輯主語for somebody,但可以在被動的不定式之后加上by somebody,以表示這個動作的執行者。例如:

第一組:

1. That’s the new machine whose parts are too small for the engineers to see.

2. That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen by the engineers.

第二組:

1. Bacteria are too small for the naked eye to see.

2. Bacteria are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

第三組:

1. The big stone is too heavy for a child to lift.

2. The big stone is too heavy to be lifted by a child.

在“主語+ be +形容詞+enough+不定式”句式中,動詞不定式也表示結果,同樣有類似用法。例如:

第一組:

1. The problem is easy enough for the teacher to work out.

2. The problem is easy enough to be worked out by the teacher.

第二組:

1. It looks as if the water isn’t clean enough for the animals to drink.                                        

2. It looks as if the water isn’t clean enough to be drunk by the animals     

第三組:

1. Are the apples ripe enough for the kids to eat?            

2. Are the apples ripe enough to be eaten by the kids?(www.52ysedu.com)

以上句子,在主動的不定式之前,并非一定要加for sb.,在被動的不定式之后,并非一定要加by sb. 這是理解問題的一種思路,幫助分清主動和被動之間的差異。

 

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