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三、記住獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。      

1. 用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我們就回家了。

2. 用作條件狀語(yǔ)

Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。

3. 用作原因狀語(yǔ)

An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因?yàn)槊魈煲�發(fā)表一個(gè)重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

4. 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。

5. 表示補(bǔ)充說明

A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold). 一個(gè)獵人走了進(jìn)來(lái)，他的臉凍得通紅。

We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個(gè)人干兩個(gè)人的活。

注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、條件或原因時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時(shí)還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，通常放于句末。

四、注意獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)幾個(gè)錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1. 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語(yǔ)從句，但不再保留連詞。如：

After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下課后，學(xué)生很快離開了課室。

2. 在下列兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或having been）不能省略：

(1) 獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)。如：

It being Sunday, we went to church.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔欤�我們�(nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。

(2) 在There being＋名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因?yàn)闆]有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。

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