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關閉窗口 英語語法重點、考點與難點(02)
不定代詞類
1. 選這個不定代詞全靠語境
A：Is ____ here?
B：No, Bob and Jim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
此題應選B。容易誤選A, 認為這是疑問句, 所以要選 A。還有的考生可能會認為選C, 因為某些特殊情況下(比如表示邀請或請求等), some(thing)也可用于疑問句中。 此題的正確答案是B, 此題主要考察的不是不定代詞的句型用法, 而是考察在一定的上下文(語境)如何選用適當的不定代詞。
該題若不看下句, 選A / C也是可能的, 比如一個人晚上走進一個空房子, 就可能這樣問, 其意大致為：這里有人嗎?(用somebody比anybody肯定意味更強), 然而聯系下句就很錯了：首先, No用得很荒唐(既然回答No, 說明這里沒有人, 那么答話的人又是什么呢?), 其次從后面的 Bob and Jim have asked for leave(鮑勃和吉姆請假了)來看, 這是顯然是一個“查問人數”的情景。這樣, 再回頭來看看選項B就順理成章了(Iseverybody here? ＝大家到齊了嗎?)
以下兩題都是測試不定代詞在一定上下文的運用, 請你試著選一選(注意語境!)：
(1) I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
(2) The office is empty because ____ has gone home.
A. everyone B. someone C. no one D. all
答案：1. A 2. A
2. (a) little / (a) few用法要點
If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ____ money and ____ people.
A. less, less B. fewer, fewer C. less, fewer D. fewer, less
此題的正確答案是C。此題主要考察不定代詞 little和few 的比較等級及有關用法：little--less--least(修飾不可數名詞)；few-- fewer--fewest(修飾可數名詞)。
下面小結 (a) few 與 (a) little 的用法及區別：
(1) (a) few之后必須接復數可數名詞。few 表示數量很少或幾乎沒有, 強調“少”, 含有否定意義；a few 表示數量雖然少, 但有幾個, 強調“有”, 含有肯定意義。試體會：
His theory is very difficult, and few peopleunderstand it. 他的理論很深奧, 沒有幾個人能懂。
His theory is very difficult, but a few peopleunderstand it. 他的理論很深奧, 但是有些人懂。
(2) (a) little之后接不可數名詞, little 與 a little其區別跟 few 和a few 之間的區別相同。如：
Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸而我身上帶著一點錢。
Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧, 我身上沒帶什么錢
(3) 一般說來, 在 only, still, quite, not等詞之后通常用a few 或 a little, 而在 very, some, the, no, so 等詞之后通常用 few 或 little：
I have only a little money. 我只有一點點錢。
Very few people like him. 喜歡他的人很少。
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