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四、there be結構的否定式和疑問式

1. 否定式

there be結構的否定式通常應將否定詞置于動詞be之后：

There is not any bread left. 沒有一點面包了。

There isn’t anything I can do for you. 我幫不了你什么忙。

若謂語中包括有助動詞或情態動詞，通常將否定詞置于助動詞與情態動詞之后：

There can’t be so many mistakes. 不可能有那么多錯誤。

There shouldn’t be any doubt about it. 對此不應有什么懷疑。

There haven’t been any parties in weeks. 好幾個禮拜沒開過晚會了。

另外注意以下類型的否定式：

There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question. 在錢的問題上似乎沒發生什么困難。

2. 疑問式

there be結構的疑問式通常應將否定詞置于動詞be之后：

Is there any good film on? 映什么好電影嗎?

Is there room for me in the car? 車子里還有我坐的地方嗎?

Are there any letters for me? 有我的信嗎?

若謂語中包括有助動詞或情態動詞，通常將助動詞或情態動詞移至句首構成疑問式：

Has there been an accident? 出事了嗎?

Have there been any new developments? 有什么新的發展嗎?

Can there have been so much rain there？那兒會下過那么多雨嗎？

另外注意以下類型的疑問式：

Uncle Jesse, why do there have to be poor people like those? 杰西叔，為什么一定要有他們那樣的窮人?

五、“there be＋名詞＋動詞”結構

1. there be+賓語+現在分詞

現在分詞表示主動關系，同時表示動作正在進行：

There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他。

There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站著一個男人。

There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。

There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里勞動。

有時現在分詞可表示一種狀態：

There’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墻有一架鋼琴。

There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我們面前有很多困難。

There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座門通往花園。

有個別現在分詞用于該結構時可以表示將來(正如它們可用進行時表示將來一樣)：

There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10個人來吃晚飯。

2. there be+賓語+過去分詞

過去分詞表示一種被動關系，同時表示動作已經發生：

There is nothing written on it. 上面沒寫東西。

There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人喪生。

有時過去分詞也可表示一種狀態(可轉換成被動結構)：

There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。

There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外邊停著一輛紅色汽車。

3. there be+賓語+不定式

不定式通常表示動作尚未發生：

There was nobody to look after the child. 沒有人照顧這孩子。

There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要來給他送行。

There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能會有很大的損失，因此我們不能冒險。

【注】當其中的賓語與其后的不定式為被動關系時，可用主動表被動，也可用被動式：

There is much work to do [to be done]. 有許多工作要做。

有時其中的不定式為系表結構(www.52ysedu.com)：

There is nothing to be afraid of. 沒什么可怕的。

What was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?

There’s nothing to be ashamed of. 沒有什么值得羞愧的。

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