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詳解動(dòng)詞不定式的五種“式” | |||||||||||||||
作者:mydekt 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2011-10-30 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin | |||||||||||||||
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詳解動(dòng)詞不定式的五種“式” 不定式根據(jù)其發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同以及所處的狀語(yǔ)的不同,可以有一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式、完成進(jìn)行式,同時(shí)根據(jù)它與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系的不同,可以有主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式。如下表:
一、不定式一般式的用法 1. 表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 即表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后的動(dòng)作。如: I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我預(yù)計(jì)他明天到達(dá)。 I hope to catch an early train. 我希望趕上早班火車。 The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 醫(yī)生建議我完全休息。 2. 表示同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 即表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或略先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作。如: Who heard him say that? 是誰(shuí)聽(tīng)到他這樣說(shuō)的?(say與heard幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生) I’m sorry to hear that. 聽(tīng)到這事我很難過(guò)。(to hear 略先于am sorry) 3. 表示一般情況 即看不出動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,而是表示一種情況或現(xiàn)象。如: Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽車似乎是你的主要愛(ài)好。 None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的許多情人中似乎沒(méi)有一個(gè)愿意娶她的。 二、不定式進(jìn)行式的用法 1. 表示同時(shí)進(jìn)行 即表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如: He seems to be following us. 他似乎在跟著我們。 He pretended to be looking for a book. 他假裝在找書(shū)。 I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived. 他們到達(dá)時(shí)我碰巧正向窗外望去。 2. 表示將來(lái) 正如可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)意義一樣,不定式的進(jìn)行式有時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)。如: You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸運(yùn)的,能乘飛機(jī)走。 He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高興。 I happened to be going that way. 我恰好也是到那里去。 I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out. 我答應(yīng)在門(mén)口一直等到他出來(lái)。 3. 表示一般情況 即看不出動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,而是表示一種情況或現(xiàn)象。如: I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他似乎煙癮很大。 Just to be doing something was a help. 做點(diǎn)事是有益處的。 You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小,不能交男朋友。 三、不定式完成式的用法 1. 表示比謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作更早的動(dòng)作 即不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。如: I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。 They are said to have left I happened to have driven that kind of car before. 碰巧我過(guò)去曾開(kāi)過(guò)那種汽車。 I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 對(duì)不起給了你這么多麻煩。 2. 表示比某特定時(shí)間更早的動(dòng)作 即表示在某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作。如: I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望現(xiàn)在以前已完成這項(xiàng)工作。 By 2020, he hopes to have opened a branch overseas. 到2020年,他希望能在海外開(kāi)一分店。 3. 表示假想的更早的動(dòng)作 尤其是表示過(guò)去本來(lái)打算要做某事,但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做成的動(dòng)作。如: We were to have been married last year. 我們本來(lái)打算去年結(jié)婚的。 I wanted to have come to see you, but I was really too busy. 我本想來(lái)看你的,但我的確太忙了。 不定式的完成式有時(shí)還有明顯的感情色彩,如表示遺憾、后悔或責(zé)備。如: There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me. 沒(méi)有必要給我買(mǎi)一雙新鞋。
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