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《英語基礎詞匯慣用法詞典》連載
作者:TJG  文章來源:本站原創  點擊數  更新時間:2011-10-14  文章錄入:admin  責任編輯:admin

 

aloud adv.

通常只用作副詞,不用作形容詞,主要用法有:

1. 強調“出聲”,即把話說出來,而不是在心里默默地“說”,通常與動詞 read, speak, think 等動詞連用。如:

read aloud 朗讀 think aloud 自言自語地說

2. 表示“大聲地”,通常與動詞 cry, laugh, shout, call 等動詞連用,如:

The boy is crying aloud. 這男孩子在大聲哭。

She called aloud for help. 她大聲呼救。

 

already adv.

1. 表示“已經”,通常用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑問句(此時要用 yet)。如:

He has already read the book. 他已經讀過這本書。

Has he read the book? 他已經讀過這本書嗎?

He hasn’t yet read the book. /He hasn’t read the book yet.

他還沒有讀這本書。

2. 有時也用于疑問句,但往往含有問話人希望得到一個肯定回答或含有驚訝之意。如:

Is he back already? 他就已經回來了?

Has she gone to bed already? 她就上床睡了?

3. 一般說來,already 不用于否定句,但它有時可用于否定的條件狀語從句中。如:

If he hasn’t seen the film already, he may get the ticket.

假若他還未看過這電影,他可以弄到票的。

4. already 連用的時態:

(1) 與行為動詞的完成體連用。如:

He has left already. 他已離去了。

By this time tomorrow I’ll have finished the job already.

 到明天這個時候,我將已做完這工作。

(2) 與行為動詞的進行體連用。如:

They are already working. 他們已經在工作了。

When I came in, he was already laying the table. 我進來時,他已在擺桌子了。

(3) 與持續性動詞或狀態動詞的一般現在時或一般過去時連用。如:

It’s already late. 已經遲了。

He already knew about it. 那時他已知道此事了。

 

also adv.

1. 用作副詞,表示“也”,主要用于非肯定句,在句中的位置通常是緊靠動詞,即放在行為動詞之前,特殊動詞之后。

Her mother also came. 她母親也來了。

He can also speak English. 他也會說英語。

注:有時為了調也放在句末,但不常見。如:

Her mother came also.

2. 有時用于句首,相當于連詞 and。如:

Also, his mother was dead. 再說,他母親又過世了。

Also he was too tired. 而且他也太累了。

3. not only……but also……(不但……而且……)。如:

He speaks not only English but also French. 他不僅說英語而且說法語。

Not only the students but also their teacher likes to read the book. 不僅學生喜歡看這本書,而且他們的老師也喜歡看。

 

although conj.

不要按漢語“雖然……但是……”的表達習慣,在 although 后連用 but。如:

雖然天很冷,但我們還是去了那兒。

正:Although it was cold, we went there.

誤:Although it was cold, but we went there.

但是在強調時,although 可與 yet, still 等副詞連用。如:

Though he seems happy, yet he is worried. 雖然他看起來很幸福,但他實際上很煩惱。

值得一提的是,在某些特定的語境中,although but 連用的句子是可能的(注:but 引出的句子在 although 從句之前)。如:

But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我當時的確不知道此事,盡管后來還是知道了。

He wanted to go abroad, but although he had some money he couldn’t afford it. 他想出國,盡管他有些錢,但還是負擔不起。

 

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