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一道高考易錯語法題的分析
作者:tjx  文章來源:本站原創  點擊數  更新時間:2011-08-05  文章錄入:admin  責任編輯:admin



一道高考易錯語法題的分析

 

請看下面道題:

Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _________ went wrong again.

A. it                         B. it repaired           C. repaired              D. to be repaired

這是1998年一道上海高考英語題,答案選C,許多同學因不能正確分析句子結構,不知如何下筆,F分析如下:句中to see 后的基本結構是:the washing machine went wrong again.(洗衣機又出毛病了),其中 (that) she had had repaired 套用的句型是“have + 名詞或代詞 + 過去分詞,即 have the washing machine repaired;另外,從時間上看,請人修洗衣機應在出故障之前,故 have the washing machine repaired 用了過去完成時態,即用 had had the washing machine repaired;從修飾角度看,題目中she had had repaired 為修飾名詞 the washing machine 的定語從句(意為她曾請人修理過的洗衣機),引導該定語從句的關系代詞為 that,因其用作賓語被省略,也正因為如此,題目中的 she had had repaired 的第二個had 后既不能用 the washing machine it,這也就是為什么不能選B的原因。如果有的同學還明白,我們可以從反面來分析一下:假若選B,則有 (that) she had had it repaired,而它作為修飾 the washing machine 的定語從句是有問題的,為什么有問題呢?那是因為 she had had it repaired 這個句子的結構(或成分)是完整的,它有主語、有謂語、有賓語,這樣一來,引導這個定語從句的關系代詞 that 就沒有著落了,因為關系代詞 that 要么作主語(不可省略),要么作賓語(可以省略),而 she had had it repaired 這個定語從句既不缺主語,也不缺賓語,所以錯了。假若去掉其中的 it,即改選C,則對了,因為這樣一來,that 可用作動詞 repaired 的賓語,F在我們將此題改編一下,將其改為:

Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had _________ went wrong again.

A. it                         B. it repaired             C. repaired                D. to be repaired

答案應選哪個呢?選B還是C?仍然要選C,但是意思變了,即她自己修理過的洗衣機又出故障了,因為此時修飾 the washing machine 的定語從句變成了 she had repaired。不能選B,道理同上。

請比較下面一題:

A computer does only what thinking people _________.

A. have it do             B. have it done          C. have done it          D. having it done

答案選A,選項中的 it 指的是 the computer,而不是指 the work 之類的。其中的 what 用作動詞 do 的賓語。句意為人們要計算機做什么,它就做什么。

 

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