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不可以用can(not) have done表示對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)嗎?
作者:李  翔  文章來源:本站原創(chuàng)  點(diǎn)擊數(shù)  更新時(shí)間:2011-03-26  文章錄入:李翔  責(zé)任編輯:admin

 

   

趙振才編著《初高中英語考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)詳解詞典》(黑龍江人民出版社20036月第2次印刷)P162:  

【問】(1)They cannot have gone out because the light’s on !  

(2)The girl asked to se a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake.  

cannot have done could not have done有無區(qū)別?  

【答】cannot have done could not have done都可以表示以現(xiàn)在的眼光看來“過去不可能發(fā)生的事”,如句(1)。但是,could not have done還可以表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)看來“以前不可能發(fā)生的事”,如句(2)  

張道真編著《英語語法大全》(外語教學(xué)與研究出版社19988月第1)P591:  

Can have可以用來表示過去的情況:  

Can I have borrowed his money?  

You cannot borrowed it, because you spent very little money last month.  

還可以和一個(gè)過去時(shí)間的狀語一起用:  

Can he have come last Monday?(=Is [or Was] it possible that he came last Monday?)  

He cannot have arrived yesterday.  

薄冰編著《高級(jí)英語語法》最新修訂)(世界知識(shí)出版社 200210 月第8次印刷) p261: can可以用于進(jìn)行式和完成式(完成式只用于否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)中), 如:  

(27) He can’t have missed the way. I explained the route carefully and drew him a map.他不會(huì)迷路。我對(duì)他詳細(xì)說明了路線,還畫了一張地圖。(筆者注:此例句與上面的中考試題驚人的相似!只不過中考試題用的是couldn’t;而本例句用的是can’t!從而驗(yàn)證選擇項(xiàng)B也是正確的答案。)  

張?jiān)孪榫幹队⒄Z動(dòng)詞的時(shí)體態(tài)式》(上海外語教育出版社1988 9 月第1)p142:  

A: The door was open.(門是開著的。)  

B:It can’t have been open. I had locked it myself.(可能是開著的。我親自鎖上的。)(也能用couldn’t +不定式完成體表示,含義無甚差別,只是語氣不肯定些。)又例如:  

A: We stood on London Bridge and watched it opening to let a shipthrough.(我們站在倫敦橋上觀看橋面打開讓一條船通過。)  

B: You can’t/ couldn’t have been on London Bridge. It doesn’t open. You must have been on Tower Bridge.(你們不可能是在倫敦橋上,倫敦橋的橋面是打不開的。你們一定是在塔橋上。)  

Michael Swan著《英語用法指南》(第二版 翻譯本)(外語與教學(xué)研究出版社 20009月第1)p143: can/could have+過去分詞用來對(duì)發(fā)生了什么事情、事情是否(已經(jīng))發(fā)生等等進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。can只能用于疑問和否定句中,或者與only, hardly, never這類限制性詞語連用。  

Where can he have gone? She can’t  have gone to schoolit’s Saturday. And she can hardly gone to church.   

從以上可以看出can(not) /could(not) have done都可以表示對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè),沒有多大差別。也就是說上面的中考試題有兩個(gè)正確答案。

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