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規(guī)律6  利用思維定勢(shì)設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)

同學(xué)們?cè)趯?duì)某個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)或重要句式進(jìn)行反復(fù)操練后，往往會(huì)形成一定的思維定勢(shì)。由于思維定勢(shì)在很大程度上帶有慣性，有時(shí)甚至是惰性，所以同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)若不仔細(xì)讀題，認(rèn)真分析，很可能會(huì)受此影響，步入誤區(qū)。如：

1. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. (2008福建卷)

A. that     B. which     C. when      D. where

【分析】C。本題很容易讓考生受思維定勢(shì)的負(fù)面影響，見(jiàn)到so馬上選擇that，殊不知此題考查的是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，句意為：南希去年拜訪悉尼的朋友時(shí)過(guò)得非常開(kāi)心。如果選A，則句意為：南希玩得如此開(kāi)心以至于拜訪了悉尼的幾個(gè)朋友。顯然，意思不合邏輯。

2. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

—Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. (2008寧夏卷)

A. has joined      B. joins C. had joined      D. joined

【分析】D。許多同學(xué)認(rèn)為since總是要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的，所以誤選了A。其實(shí)，本句中since she join the Chinese Society為I have known Dr. Jackson since she joined the Chinese Society之省略。連詞since所搭配的時(shí)態(tài)通常是：主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

3. —They are quiet, aren’t they?

—Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals. (2008江蘇卷)

A. to talk B. to not talk       C. to talking D. to not talking

【分析】D。此題設(shè)計(jì)得很巧妙。有的同學(xué)在排除選項(xiàng)B時(shí)，同時(shí)也會(huì)排除選項(xiàng)D，因?yàn)樗鼈兊慕Y(jié)構(gòu)太相似了。但事實(shí)上，正確答案正是D。be accustomed to的意思是“習(xí)慣于做……”，其中的to通常被認(rèn)為是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，其后也可接動(dòng)詞原形，即其中的to被視為不定式符號(hào)。照此分析，好像四個(gè)答案都可以，但其實(shí)只有D最佳。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境分析(注意其中的are quiet, yes等關(guān)鍵詞)，此題應(yīng)選一個(gè)否定式，故可排除A和C。另外，從語(yǔ)法上分析，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式總是將not置于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，所以C應(yīng)改為not to talk才對(duì)；至于D，由于其中的to是介詞，其后接動(dòng)名詞talking作賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞talking的否定式為not talking，所以說(shuō)to not talking是正確的。

規(guī)律7  直接引用詞典原句進(jìn)行命題

近年來(lái)，高考英語(yǔ)命題一直有個(gè)習(xí)慣，就是喜歡從一些原版英語(yǔ)詞典上直接引用例句進(jìn)行命題。這點(diǎn)希望引起同學(xué)們的注意。下面請(qǐng)看幾個(gè)例子：

1. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy. (2008遼寧卷)

A. a; 不填        B. the; the        C. 不填; the D. a; the

【分析】D。go for a walk為固定表達(dá)，意為“去散步”；have got the energy意為“有精力”。此題出自Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary的the詞條，詞典上的原句為：I’d like to go out this evening, but I don’t think I’ve got the energy.

2. —I’d like some more cheese.

—Sorry, there’s ______ left. (2008浙江卷)

A. some  B. none       C. a little D. few

【分析】B。由于cheese不可數(shù)，故可排除D；再根據(jù)句中的sorry可知，此處應(yīng)填表否定意義的none。注：此題出自Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary的none詞條，詞典上的原句為：“I’d like some more cheese.” “I’m sorry there’s none left.”

3. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2008山東卷)

A. though       B. for      C. but   D. so

【分析】B。for在此表原因。又如：He shook his head, for he thought differently. 他搖了搖頭，因?yàn)樗�有不同想法�?/SPAN> 注：此題出自Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English的for詞條，詞典上的原句為：He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.

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