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強調主語時,人稱代詞可以用賓格形式
作者:李  翔  文章來源:本站原創  點擊數  更新時間:2009-08-15  文章錄入:lx612800  責任編輯:admin

 

強調主語時,人稱代詞可以用賓格形式

 

江蘇豐縣   李翔

 

黃衛峰教授著“《美國文學教程》中的若干語法表達問題(03)(英語語法網www.52ysedu.com/Article/200905/1216.html)

It was him who introduced the familiar essay from Europe to America.(86頁第26-27)

問題:這是一個強調句,被強調成分為句中主語,因此應將賓格him改為主格he。

實際上,在目前的英語中,強調主語時,人稱代詞可以用賓格形式,請看例證:

1. 徐廣聯主編《大學英語語法講座與測試》(華東理工大學出版社20032月第2)p815

I suppose it is me who is responsible.

2. [] 綿貫陽等著《現代英語語法例解手冊》(修訂版))(申勇譯 科學出版社20062月第1)p171

It is he that is responsible. (是他有責任。)

*在通俗說法中,he有時用him表示。

3. 薄冰編著《高級英語語法》(最新修訂)(世界知識出版社 200210 月第8次印刷)p569

下面兩種說法中的she her都可以用,但后一種只用在非正式問題中。

It was she who gave the signal. 是她給了信號。

It was her who gave the signal.

3. 黃國文著《英語語法結構的功能分析——強勢主位篇》(山西教育出版社 200311月第1)p94

It could have been her that had gotten hooked on drugs. (Collins 1977: 303)

It may have been him who attacked me on the 4 August in Chapeltown.(TV Quick, 29 Oct. – 4 Nov. 1994, p.25)

4. () 石黑昭博編著《英語語法高手的24堂必修課》(世界圖書出版北京公司 20079月第1)p411

……但是如下例般用賓格的也很多:

It’s me who’s responsible for safety in this theater.

也可以用It’s me that’s responsible for ...

5. Michael SwanPractical English Usage (International Student’s Edition Eighth impression 2002)p116 Practical English Usage (Third Edition)

When the emphasized subject is a pronoun, there are two possibilities.(要強調的主語是人稱代詞時,有兩種可能性) Compare(試比較):

It is I who am responsible. (formal) 要負責任的是我。(正式)

It’s me that’s responsible. (formal) 是我的責任。(非正式)

6. Randolph QuirkA Grammar of Contemporary English(Second impression (with correction) 1973)p952

It’s he/him that is a genius. [37a] ...

[c] The focal element, if a pronoun, can take either the subjective or objective case. Thus he and him are alternatives in[37a], him being informal.

7. Randolph QuirkA COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE《英語語法大全》( 翻譯本)(華東師范大學出版社 19899月第1) p1912

如果句首信息中心的詞項是人稱代詞,即使它事實上是分句的主語,它在非正式語體中可以用賓格,因此這種用法受到廣泛的譴責:

It was they /she/ ?her / ?them that gave the signal.

8. Sidney Greenbaum Randolph QuirkA Student’s Grammar of the English Language 即《朗文英語語法》(宋玉梅等譯  吉林教育出版社2003 4 月第1)p515

如果句首信息中心的詞項是人稱代詞,在非正式用法中,它可以用賓格,盡管它實際上是that-分句的主語,因此這種用法受到廣泛的譴責:

It was ?her that gave the signal.

9. Pam Peters The Cambridge Guide to English Usage (2004)p108: However informal usage allows the object pronouns: me, him, her, us, them.

It’s me who is unsure.

從以上可以看出:中外語法專家都認可“強調主語時,人稱代詞可以用賓格”,只不過有的認為“強調主語時,人稱代詞用賓格形式”只能用于非正式文體中,更有甚者,Randolph Quirk認為這種用法受到廣泛的譴責。

 

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