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英語單項(xiàng)填空考點(diǎn)——時(shí)態(tài)

【考點(diǎn)揭密】動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是各類英語考試的必考內(nèi)容。英語中共有16種時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)各種時(shí)態(tài)在不同考題里出現(xiàn)次數(shù)的多少依次排列并將其用法簡述如下：

1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(1) 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所造成的影響。(2) 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；(3) 在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中代替將來完成時(shí)(該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前)。注意：(1) 常與“for+時(shí)間段”，“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，及so far, in the last / past few years, it is the first time that等連用; (2) 不與具體的過去時(shí)間狀語或when連用；(3) 終止性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中不可與時(shí)間段連用。

2. 一般過去時(shí)：(1) 表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；(2) 在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；(3) 在狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。注意：(1) 表示一系列的動(dòng)作，盡管有先后，都用一般過去時(shí)，最后兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間用and連結(jié)；(2) 注意在語境中理解“我剛才 / 原來還不…”，如Sorry, I didn’t know you were here.

3. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：(1) 表示目前的特征或狀態(tài)；(2) 客觀存在及普遍真理；(3) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；(4) 在狀語從句中表示將來；(5) 表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(常有時(shí)間狀語)。

4. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1) 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；(2) 某些動(dòng)詞可表示過去將來；(3) 表示某個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景。

5. 過去完成時(shí)：(1) 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”；(2) 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；(3) 表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或打算(hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的過去完成時(shí)+to do)；(4) 用于下列句型中：hardly…when, no sooner…than, It / That was the first time that…, It was+時(shí)間段+since…等。

6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1) 表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；(2) 某些動(dòng)詞(如，go, come, leave, start)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示計(jì)劃或安排好了的將來動(dòng)作；(3) 同always, often, forever等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等語氣；(4) 像be, think, understand, love, have, own, see, hear, find, belong to等動(dòng)詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。

7. 一般將來時(shí)：表示在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)⒁�發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)�？捎�will / shall、be going to, be about to, be to 加動(dòng)詞原形表示，有時(shí)還用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。

8. 過去將來時(shí)：表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事情。

9. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)候開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。

【命題熱點(diǎn)】近年來對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)考查的熱點(diǎn)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

【應(yīng)試策略】1. 在了解八種時(shí)態(tài)的用法和構(gòu)成的基礎(chǔ)上，通過教材中每個(gè)單元第一課的情景對(duì)話，留心英語母語者在實(shí)際生活中是如何使用各種時(shí)態(tài)的，從而領(lǐng)悟時(shí)態(tài)用法的真諦。2. 答題時(shí)要研讀題干，尋找盡可能多的“時(shí)間參照信息”，尤其是句中其他動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，以及修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語信息。

【真題精選】(按考點(diǎn)規(guī)律排列)

1. —How long _____David and Vicky _____married?

—For about four years.

      A. were; being         B. have; got              C. have; been          D. did; get

2. I wonder why Jenny _____us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A. hasn’t written  B. doesn’t write  C. won’t write  D. hadn’t written

3. The price ______but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. went down  B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down

4. —Who is Jerry Cooper?

—______? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.

A. Don’t you meet him yet     B. Hadn’t you met him yet

C. Didn’t you meet him yet    D. Haven’t you met him yet

5. —_____my glasses?

—Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.

A. Do you see    B. Had you see  

C. Would you see  D. Have you seen

6. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _____.

A. has grown    B. is growing     C. grew              D. had grown

7. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _____it.

      A. doesn’t mention        B. hadn’t mentioned            

C. didn’t mention           D. hasn’t mentioned

8. —You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

—I’m sorry I _____anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.

A. wasn’t saying  B. don’t say  C. won’t say  D. didn’t say

9. —Nancy is not coming tonight. 

—But she______!

A. promises    B. promised     C. will promise  D. had promised

10. —Your phone number again? I _____quite catch it.

—It’s 9568442.

A. didn’t      B. couldn’t      C. don’t      D. can’t

11. I _____ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

A. will play   B. have played   C. played       D. play

12. —You’re drinking too much.

—Only at home. No one _____me but you.

A. is seeing      B. had seen      C. sees        D. saw

13. —Can I help you, sir?

—Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it ________.

A. didn’t work    B. won’t work    C. can’t work    D. doesn’t work

14. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ______at a radio shop at that time.

A. has worked  B. was working  C. had been working  D. had worked

15. Shirley _____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.

A. has written   B. wrote     C. had written      D. was writing

16.—Hey, look where you are going!

—Oh, I’m terribly sorry._______.

A. I’m not noticing  B. I wasn’t noticing

C. I haven’t noticed  D. I don’t notice

17. The reporter said that the UFO _____east to west when he saw it.

A. was travelling  B. travelled  C. had been travelling  D. was to travel

18. The little girl _____her heart out because she _____her toy bear and believed she wasn’t going to find it.

A. had cried; lost     B. cried; had lost

C. has cried; has lost    D. cries; has lost

19. John and I _____friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____each other a couple of times before that.

A. had been; has seen B. have been; have seen

C. had been; had seen       D. have been; had seen

20. Helen _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______ home.

A. has left; comes          B. left; had come 

C. had left; came           D. had left; would come

21. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____so rapidly.

A. is changing  B. has changed  C. will have changed  D. will change

22. I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _____ my mum.

A. am taking     B. have taken   C. take         D. will have taken

23. —Is this raincoat yours?

—No, mine _____there behind the door.

A. is hanging    B. has hung    C. hangs       D. hung

24. It _____long before we _____the result of the experiment.

A. will not be; will know              B. is; will know

      C. will not be; know                     D. is; know

25. —You’ve left the light on. —Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.

A. I’ll go      B. I’ve gone     C. I go         D. I’m going

26. —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

—I_____, but I had an unexpected visitor.

A. had         B. would     C. was going to   D. did

27. —Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

—I am tired. I ______the living room all day.

A. painted      B. had painted

C. have been painting  D. have painted

    【真題詳解】

1. C。由For about four years可知，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除A和D；與時(shí)間段連用，不可用get married, 要用be married。

2. A。由recently和by now可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

3. C。后文(will remain so)暗示物價(jià)已經(jīng)降下來了。

4. D。由I saw...可知meet發(fā)生在過去，且強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：你不是已經(jīng)和他見過面了嗎？

5. D�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：問話人的目的是想知道眼鏡在哪里。

    6. C。緊張伴隨等的過程而產(chǎn)生，應(yīng)同時(shí)發(fā)生，waited是一般過去時(shí)，grow也用一般過去時(shí)。

7. C。只描述過去所發(fā)生的情況，但沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，用一般過去時(shí)。

8. D。用一般過去時(shí)是指“我剛才沒急于說”。

9. B。“但她曾經(jīng)答應(yīng)要來的”，過去的許諾，故用一般過去時(shí)。

    10. A。“我剛才沒有聽清楚”；couldn’t指沒有能力聽懂。

11. D。“我的乒乓球是打得相當(dāng)好的，但自新年以來還一直沒有時(shí)間去打。”球打得好是現(xiàn)在已有的技能，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

12. C。由only at home可知“我”只在家里喝得多，平時(shí)除你之外，沒有人看見。

13. D。“昨天在這買的收音機(jī)，現(xiàn)在壞了。”work指機(jī)器設(shè)備的運(yùn)作。

14. B。在三年前見到她時(shí)，她正在一家radio shop工作。

15. D。由“我不知道她是否已經(jīng)寫完了”推知，她去年“正在寫”。

16. B。你提醒之前我沒注意，即“我剛才沒有注意”。

17. A。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示報(bào)告人當(dāng)時(shí)所看到的情景。

18. D。由believed知cry和lose都發(fā)生在過去；顯然先丟后哭，丟是過去的過去。另外，cried與believed 為并列謂語，同為過去式。

19. D。到目前為止成為朋友八年，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；在那次晚會(huì)相識(shí)成為朋友之前已經(jīng)見過幾次面，用過去完成時(shí)。

20. C。leave應(yīng)發(fā)生在had to wait這個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前，“過去的過去”用過去完成時(shí)；后一空用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來。

21. A。選擇移動(dòng)電話不容易，因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)技術(shù)正在迅速發(fā)展。

22. A�，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

23. A。hang表示某物“懸掛”在某處，是不及物動(dòng)詞；is hanging正懸掛在。

24. C。句意為：不久之后我們就會(huì)知道實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。在句型It is not long before…(不久之后就…)中，before引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

25. A。從語境很容易判斷用將來時(shí)。表示臨時(shí)的決定只能用will；再說，going也不能與turn并列。

26. C。was going to do表示未完成的意愿：本打算做(但卻沒有做成)。would無此用法。

27. C。表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。all day是關(guān)系詞。