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中考英語語法完全突破——非謂語動(dòng)詞 | |||
作者:柯帕斯 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2017/3/9 |
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考點(diǎn)11 考查特殊搭配中動(dòng)詞原形的使用 英語中有些特殊結(jié)構(gòu),后接總是接動(dòng)詞原形,這類結(jié)構(gòu)最重要的(也是最常考的)是why not(為什么不……)、had better(最好)和would rather(寧愿)。如: Why not give her some flowers? 為什么不送她些花呢? It’s late; we’d better go home. 時(shí)間不早了,我們最好回家吧。 Would you rather work on a farm? 你寧愿在農(nóng)場干活嗎? 注意:had better和would rather構(gòu)成否定式時(shí),習(xí)慣上是將not置于整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)之后(動(dòng)詞原形之前),而不是置于had, would之后。如: We’d better not tell him. 我們最好還是不告訴他。 I’d rather not say anything. 我寧可什么也不說。 You had better not miss the last bus. 你最好不要誤了最后一班公共汽車。 注意:would rather有時(shí)也 than 搭配使用,表示“寧愿……而不愿……”,此時(shí)than也接動(dòng)詞原形。如: I would rather go than stay. 我寧愿走不愿留。 【考例1】—May I listen to the music here, Mr. White? —Sorry, you’d better ________ it like that. (山東淄博中考題) A. not to do B. not do C. don’t do D. not do to 【分析】答案選B。had better后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用原形,若所接動(dòng)詞為否定式,要把not置于動(dòng)詞原形之前,故選B。 【考例2】Xiao Li said she would rather ________ join us. (江蘇無錫中考題) A. did not B. to not C. not D. not to 【分析】答案選C。would rather(寧愿)后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用原形。又如:I would rather stay at home. 我寧可呆在家里。 考點(diǎn)12 考查動(dòng)詞have后的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式 動(dòng)詞have后可接多種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,主要結(jié)構(gòu)如下: 1. have sb do sth:其中的have為使役動(dòng)詞,表示叫(請、使)某人做某事。如: I’ll have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。 He had his son clean the car. 他叫他的兒子擦車。 2. have sb (sth) doing sth:表示使(讓)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事。如: He had the light burning all night. 他讓燈亮了一整夜。 Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping. 沒出幾分鐘他就讓全體聽眾笑起來,鼓起掌來。 3. have sth done:表示請別人做某事。如: We had the machine repaired. 我們請人修理了機(jī)器。 Why don’t you have your hair cut? 你為什么不理發(fā)? 有時(shí)表示經(jīng)歷或遭遇某情況。如: He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄傷了。 I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。 4. have sth to do:表示有某事要做,其中的不定式作定語。如: I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多工作要做。 She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足夠的衣服穿。 【考例】—Mum, can I have something ________? —Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is ________ in the kitchen. (江蘇宿遷中考題) A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else 【分析】答案選A。第一空要填不定式,have something to do為英語中的固定句式,其意為有事要做。又如:I have things to do. 我有事情要做。第二空要填nothing else(沒有其他的東西),因?yàn)榍拔恼f了can only drink some water(只能喝點(diǎn)水)。 三、易錯(cuò)陷阱 陷阱1 在what one can 后誤接動(dòng)詞原形 大家知道,在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后要用動(dòng)詞原形,不能用不定式,也不能用動(dòng)名詞或分詞等。如: He can both speak and write Japanese. 他既能說日語也能寫日語。 You must break away from such habits. 你必須改掉那些習(xí)慣。 We should take good care of the children. 我們應(yīng)該好好照看這些孩子。 但是,請看下面的句子,can或could后的to可以省略嗎? We’ll do what we can to save him. 我們將盡我們所能來挽救他。 I did what I could to persuade him. 我盡了最大的努力去勸說他。 上面兩句中的to雖然位于can和could之后,但都不能沒有,因?yàn)槠渲械牟欢ㄊ綖槟康臓钫Z,而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。這類句子可以理解在can或could的后面省略了動(dòng)詞do。順便說一句,這類句子中的what有時(shí)也可換成everything。如: I shall do everything I can to help you. 我將盡量幫助你。
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