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3. 關(guān)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句

對(duì)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，同學(xué)們主要應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)，一是要判斷其中的關(guān)系代詞是用which還是whom（看它是指人還是指物），二是要判斷其中介詞的正確選用。下面給同學(xué)們歸納方法。

(1) 根據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配來判斷介詞

The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他們找尋的文件已經(jīng)找到了。(注意搭配search for)

I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一個(gè)可以和我談書和音樂的人。(注意搭配discuss sth with sb)

(2) 根據(jù)定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配來判斷介詞

He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去參考一些我不熟悉的參考書。(注意搭配be familiar with)

(3) 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣來判斷介詞

This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 這是我們的教室，前面有老師的講臺(tái)。(注意搭配in the front of our classroom)

I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記她與我們告別的那一天。(注意搭配on the day)

(4) 根據(jù)所屬關(guān)系確定of which (whom)結(jié)構(gòu)

On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I don’t understand. 老師在黑板上寫了一個(gè)句子，句子的意思我不明白。(注意搭配the meaning of the sentence)

(5) 根據(jù)整體與部分的關(guān)系確定of which (whom)結(jié)構(gòu)

I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. 我有5本英語詞典，其中最好的是朗文詞典。(注意搭配of the five dictionaries)

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 多數(shù)公共汽車已經(jīng)上滿了人，周圍是一伙憤怒的群眾。(注意搭配most of the buses)

(6) 根據(jù)同位關(guān)系確定of which (whom)結(jié)構(gòu)

Her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning. 她的兩個(gè)兒子都在國(guó)外工作，今天早上給她來了電話。(注意搭配both of her sons)

注：關(guān)系副詞when, where和why有時(shí)也可以用“介詞＋which”替代，其中介詞的選用也需視句中的搭配而定。

4. 關(guān)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)是一種緊縮的定語從句。在正式文體中，當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用作介詞的賓語時(shí)，有時(shí)可用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來簡(jiǎn)化定語從句。如：

她必須有冷靜下來時(shí)的時(shí)間。

正：She must have time in which she can grow calm.

正：She must have time in which to grow calm.

給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間換衣服。

正：Allow me one minute in which I can change my clothes.

正：Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes.

他要是沒有鄰居吵架就難受。

正：He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom he could quarrel.

正：He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom to quarrel.

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