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現在分詞完成式用作后置定語正誤談

原則上說，現在分詞的完成式不能用作后置定語。遇此情況可考慮改用定語從句。如：

我在已付款者的姓名旁畫了鉤。

正：I’ve ticked the names of the people who have paid.

誤：I’ve ticked the names of the people having paid.

她是幾位登上埃佛勒斯峰的婦女之一。

正：She’s one of the few women who have climbed Everest.

誤：She’s one of the few women having climbed Everest.

現在我來一個個報出本期不曾缺席的學生名單。

正：Now let me recite the names of the pupils who have not been absent this term.

誤：Now let me recite the names of the pupils not having been absent this term.

當地議員已受理無家可歸的六口之家的個案。

正：The local MP has taken up the case of the family of six who have been left homeless.

誤：The local MP has taken up the case of the family of six having been left homeless.

有許多人挺過不幸且能夠重建自己的生活。

正：There are many who have suffered personal disasters but managed to rebuild their lives.

誤：There are many having suffered personal disasters but managed to rebuild their lives.

最后，我想對所有那些為取得這個成果而努力工作的人們表示感謝。

正：In conclusion, I should like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.

誤：In conclusion, I should like to thank all those having worked so hard to bring about this result.

這個組織旨在為所有失去養老金的人向政府游說。

正：The organization has been set up to lobby the government on behalf of all the people who have lost their pensions.

誤：The organization has been set up to lobby the government on behalf of all the people having lost their pensions.