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現在分詞完成式用法兩大語法特點

特點一：發生在謂語動作之前

現在分詞的完成式所表示的動詞，從時間上看，它總是表示所發生的動作在謂語動作之前。如：

Having bought the house, they couldn’t afford to furnish it. 買了房子之后，他們沒錢配家具。

Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅館之后，我們就去找吃飯的地方。

Having increased our manufacturing facilities, we are advertising to obtain more users. 增加了生產設備以后，我們做廣告爭取更多的用戶。

Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.  自己當老板已經這么久了，他覺得難以聽從別人的差遣。

Having compared the new dictionary with [to, and] the old one, he found the new one more helpful. 將新舊詞典比較之后，他發現新詞典更有用。

Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. 那警察把我們的姓名和地址記下之后就讓我們走了。

特點二：通常不用作后置定語

在通常情況下，現在分詞的完成式主要用作狀語，而不用作定語；若語義上有此需要，可以考慮改成定語從句。如：

丟失錢的人是吉姆。

誤：Jim is the man having lost his money.

正：Jim is the man who has lost his money.

我們抓到了偷錢的人

誤：We caught the person having stolen the money

正：We caught the person who had stolen the money