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英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)用法歸納：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)

would+動(dòng)詞原形。

二、基本用法

(1) 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的事情。常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。如：

He said he would come. 他說(shuō)他要來(lái)。

He told us he would go with us. 他告訴我們他會(huì)和我們一起去。

They were sure that they would win. 他們堅(jiān)信他們會(huì)贏。

【注】在一定的語(yǔ)境中也可于其他從句或句子中：

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 這時(shí)是六點(diǎn)鐘。太陽(yáng)即將落山。

(2) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:

Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with the housework. 他一有時(shí)間就幫媽媽做家務(wù)活。

(3) 還可用來(lái)表示愿望或傾向。如：

He told me that the machine wouldn’t work. 他告訴我機(jī)器開(kāi)不動(dòng)。

We knew that he would never permit such a thing. 我們知道他決不會(huì)允許發(fā)生這樣的事。

三、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間的幾種常見(jiàn)表達(dá)方式

(1) was (were) going to+動(dòng)詞原形。

①表示過(guò)去某時(shí)準(zhǔn)備做某事。如：

Marsha said she was going to have a try. 瑪莎說(shuō)她準(zhǔn)備試試。

He was going to leave when I came in. 我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)他正要離開(kāi)。

②was going to有時(shí)可表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算。如：

I was going to see you last night, but I was too busy. 我昨晚本想去看你的，但太忙了。

(2) was (were)+不定式。

①表示定于過(guò)去某時(shí)將要做某事。如：

He told me that we were to leave at 2:30pm.他告訴我我們下午兩點(diǎn)半動(dòng)身。

He was to meet her at 10 outside the cinema. 他約定和她10點(diǎn)鐘在電影院外見(jiàn)面。

②若表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或被取消的計(jì)劃，則用was (were) to+動(dòng)詞完成式。如：

We were to have left at 6 last night. 我們本來(lái)計(jì)劃昨晚6點(diǎn)離開(kāi)的。

(3)was / were about+不定式在過(guò)去正要做某事。如：

I was just about to start when it began to rain. 我正要?jiǎng)由恚�這是天下起了雨。

The manager was about to leave when his secretary called him back. 經(jīng)理快要離開(kāi)時(shí),他的秘書(shū)叫住了他。

(4) 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

Our teacher told us that school began on September 1. 老師告訴我們九月一號(hào)開(kāi)學(xué)。

(5) 用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

I didn’t know when you they were coming again.

(6) was (were) due to表示定于過(guò)去某時(shí)將要做某事。如：

They were due to leave at ten o’clock. 他們定于十點(diǎn)出發(fā)。