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關于介詞賓語的四點歸納

1. 介詞賓語的基本形式

通常可用作介詞賓語的詞語有名詞、代詞以及相當于名詞或代詞的其他詞語。如：

Shut the door after you. 請隨手關門。

The children stood round the teacher. 孩子們圍著老師站著。

Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用來切東西的。

He was surprised at what she said. 聽到她說的話，他很吃驚。

2. 動名詞作介詞賓語

動詞作作賓語通常要用動名詞形式。如：

You should be careful in operating this machine.  操作這部機器時要小心。

I’m against doing anything till the police arrive. 我反對在警察到達之前采取任何行動。

Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left. 鎖這扇門要把鑰匙向左轉兩圈。

注：在個別特殊結構中，介詞后可接不定式甚至過去分詞賓語。其中可用不定式作賓語的介詞主要限于 but, except 等極少數幾個，可用過去分詞作賓語的介詞只限于 regard…as(認為…是), take sth for granted(認為某事屬實)等個別結構。如：

He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那兒。

It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生氣外，沒產生任何效果。

I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 我肯定你會住在我們這里的。

3. 從句作介詞賓語

介詞后可接從句作賓語，即所謂語的賓語從句。如：

Take no notice of what they are saying about you. 不要理會他們講的關于你的話。

He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他與他妻子總是在為由誰來照看孩子而吵架。

注：介詞后接從句作賓語時，通常不能是that從句，也不能是沒有引導詞的從句。若語義上要求接that從句作賓語，通常應先在介詞后接the fact作賓語，然后再在the fact后接that引導的從句(用作同位語)。如：

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們為你生病發愁。

4. 介詞短語作介詞賓語

英語中有少數介詞可接介詞短語作賓語，這部分介詞主要是from, till, until, since, except, instead of 等。如：

I saw her from across the street. 我從街的對面望見了她。

Will the rain hold off until after the game? 這場雨能拖到比賽結束之后再下嗎?

He never drinks except on special occasions. 除非在特別場合，他從不喝酒。