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so that, so…that 和 such…that 用法歸納

■湖北武漢  曾克輝

在學(xué)習(xí)so that 和so…that從句時(shí)，有相當(dāng)一部分同學(xué)認(rèn)為：so that 是用來(lái)構(gòu)成目的狀語(yǔ)從句的，而so…that則是用來(lái)構(gòu)成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的。其實(shí)，情況并不是這樣。

so that同樣可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)論是否有副詞作狀語(yǔ)或形容詞作表語(yǔ)，這就要得從意義上和so that從句的結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)考慮，表目的的so that狀語(yǔ)從句中通常情況下都含有一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。試比較：

He hurried to the station so that he could catch the early bus. 他匆匆忙忙趕到車站，為的是能搭上早班車。（表目的）

= He got to the station hurriedly so that he could catch the early bus.

He hurried to the station so that he caught the early bus. 他匆匆忙忙趕到車站，結(jié)果搭上了早班車。（表結(jié)果）

= He got to the station hurriedly so that he caught the early bus.

= He got to the station so hurriedly that he caught the early bus.

※但若副詞或形容詞是放在so …that之間，就算that從句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也只能表示結(jié)果。

The boy was so stupid that he couldn’t work out the maths problem. 這個(gè)男孩很笨，所以他解不出這道數(shù)學(xué)題。

注：① 表目的的so that 從句可以用in order that 替換；若主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致的時(shí)候還可以用so as to或in order to將其轉(zhuǎn)換為簡(jiǎn)單句。如：

       I got up early so that I could be in time for the morning exercises.

       → I got up early in order that I could be in time for the morning exercises.

       → I got up early so as to / in order to be in time for the morning exercises.

② 有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，in order that 從句或in order to短語(yǔ)還可以放到句首，但so that 和so as to卻不行。如：

In order that I could be in time for the morning exercises, I got up early.

In order to be in time for the morning exercises, I got up early.

③ 當(dāng)so…that（或so that）結(jié)構(gòu)的主句中有副詞作狀語(yǔ)或形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用so + adv. / adj. + as to才可以將其轉(zhuǎn)換為簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)表示結(jié)果，否則是表示目的。試比較：

I spoke so loud as to be heard by everyone. 我講得聲音很大，結(jié)果大家都聽(tīng)清楚了。（表結(jié)果）

I spoke loud so as to be heard by everyone. 我很大聲地講，是為了大家能都聽(tīng)清楚。（表目的）

④ 在so + adv. / adj. + that所構(gòu)成的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，人們常常把so + adv. / adj. 移到句首并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞倒裝來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：

So hard did the boy study that he passed the exam.

So clever is the boy that he can answer the question.

⑤ 人們?cè)诳谡Z(yǔ)中常省去so…that的that，也有人省去so而保留that。如：

She was so excited (that) she could hardly fall asleep.

She was (so) excited that she could hardly fall asleep.

在書寫中省去that時(shí)，最好加上逗號(hào)，把句子的兩個(gè)部分隔開(kāi)。例如：

She was so excited, she could hardly fall asleep.

so…that和such…that都可以構(gòu)成結(jié)果從句，所不同的是so…that之間接形容詞或副詞，而  such…that之間接名詞。一般情況下，即使名詞前有形容詞修飾也不能換用so…that。例如：

The boy is so clever that everyone likes him.

The boy is such a fool that he can’t understand it.

Titanic is such a moving film that all of us want to see it.

The teacher gave the children such wonderful picture books that they got wild with joy.

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