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order的用法特點(diǎn)與語法規(guī)律

1. 表示“命令”“吩咐”，可用作動(dòng)詞或名詞；注意相應(yīng)的賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等用虛擬語氣（should+v.）。如：

He ordered that the goods should be sent by air. 他命令貨物得空運(yùn)。

His order is that all the soldiers should start at once. 他的命令就是所有的士兵馬上出發(fā)。

He gave orders that the work should be started immediately. 他發(fā)出指示要立即開始工作。

后接賓語從句時(shí)有時(shí)可以換成不定式或過去分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

老板吩咐這工作必須按時(shí)完成。

正：The boss ordered the work (to be) finished in time.

正：The boss ordered that the work (should) be finished in time.

2. 表示“訂購”，也可用作動(dòng)作和名詞，注意以下常用句型：

我向這家工廠定購了500雙鞋。

正：They ordered 500 pairs of shoes from the factory.

正：They placed an order for 500 pairs of shoes with the factory.

3. 表示“點(diǎn)菜”，也可用作名詞（可數(shù)）或動(dòng)詞（及物）。如：

May I have your order, please? 請(qǐng)問你要點(diǎn)什么菜?

What shall I order for you? Steak or fish? 我給你叫什么菜? 是牛排還是魚?

4. 表示“順序”“秩序”“整齊”，只用作名詞（不可數(shù)），注意以下常見搭配：in order（按序，整齊），in good (bad) order （有 / 無條理），keep order（維持秩序），out of order（壞了，不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)），in order of size (date, time)（按大小、年代、時(shí)間順序排列），等。

5. 比較 in order to與in order that：兩者都表示目的，但前者后接動(dòng)詞原形，后者后接句子。如：

She learnt typing in order to help her husband with his work. 她學(xué)習(xí)打字是為了幫助她丈夫工作。

I bought a new car in order that my wife might learn to drive. 我買了一輛新車，以便我妻子學(xué)習(xí)駕駛。

注意，in order to do sth 的否定式是in order not to do sth，而不是not in order to do sth。如：

They must have worn gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints. 他們一定戴上了手套，以防留下指紋。

如果主句與從句主語相同，in order to 與 in order that 通常可以互換。如：

我觀察他，是要更多地了解他。

正：I watched him in order to know more about him.

正：I watched him in order that I could know more about him.

如果主句與從句主語不相同，in order to與in order that有時(shí)也可以互換，但要注意在in order后接for sb to do sth。如：

我馬上告訴他這個(gè)消息，以使他安心。

正：I told him the news instantly in order that he might ease his mind.

正：I told him the news instantly in order for him to ease his mind.(www.52ysedu.com)