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用英語(yǔ)表示“更不用說(shuō)”的若干方式

■本站特約作者  羅  芳

除let alone外,“更不用說(shuō)”在英語(yǔ)中還可用其它一些短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá),常見(jiàn)的有not to say, not to speak of, not to mention, to say nothing of, much/still/even less much/still more等。

▲not to speak of (后接名詞) 

His friends and colleagues will be very upset, not to speak of his parents.  他的朋友和同事都會(huì)為此事難過(guò),更不用說(shuō)他的父母了。

He can speak German and French, not to speak of English.他會(huì)說(shuō)德語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ),更不用說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。

▲not to mention或without mentioning (后接名詞) 

We were served French champagne, not to mention usual cocktail. 他們連法國(guó)香檳酒也端來(lái)給我們喝,更不用說(shuō)平常的雞尾酒了。

Old folks and children are all against the proposal, not to mention the youth. 大人﹑小孩都不贊成這個(gè)建議,更不用說(shuō)年輕人了。

▲to say nothing of (后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞)

This sentence is very awkward, to say nothing of its being obscure. 這個(gè)句子別扭得很,更不用說(shuō)它語(yǔ)義晦澀了。（接動(dòng)名詞）

Many people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building. 許多人受了重傷,更不用說(shuō)房屋的毀壞了。（接名詞）

▲much less / still less / even less (后接名詞、動(dòng)詞或句子)

She can't finish her own work in time, even less help others. 她連自己的工作都不能及時(shí)完成,更不用說(shuō)幫助別人了。（接動(dòng)詞）

He can't read English; still less can he teach it. 他看都看不懂英語(yǔ),更不用說(shuō)教了。（接句子）

He can hardly spare me a minute, much less an hour. 他連一分鐘都不能為我騰出來(lái)，更不用說(shuō)一小時(shí)了。（接名詞）

▲much/ still more (用于肯定句, 后接名詞或介詞短語(yǔ))

She knows French, much more English. 她法語(yǔ)都懂,英語(yǔ)就更不用說(shuō)了。（接名詞）

He is kind to me, still more to my elder brother. 他對(duì)我很和善,更不用說(shuō)對(duì)我哥哥了。 （接介詞短語(yǔ)）

▲有關(guān)用法說(shuō)明

1. much less / even less / still less引導(dǎo)的詞組或從句，表示一種追加的否定。less是由little的否定意義而來(lái)的，所以這兩個(gè)詞組只能用于否定句中，意為“更不用說(shuō)、更不必說(shuō)”。

2. to say nothing of, not to speak of ,not to mention, let alone這四個(gè)詞組意為“更不消說(shuō)”，也是一種追補(bǔ)的說(shuō)法。但它們與much less和still less有所不同，這些詞組可以隨前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定，則追加的也是肯定意義。如果前一句是否定，則追加的也是否定意義。

試比較：

He was too tired to walk, let alone run. 他累得簡(jiǎn)直不能走了，更不用說(shuō)跑了。

I’ve never seen the man，much less spoken to him. 我見(jiàn)也沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)人，更談不上跟他說(shuō)話了。