国产精品麻豆欧美日韩ww_欧美日高清视频_亚洲精品成人久久久_久久精品国产清自在天天线

在現(xiàn)實(shí)語(yǔ)言中，2和3的情況，有時(shí)候不帶“一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”。這下就帶來(lái)了難題：產(chǎn)生了歧義。歧義有二：

歧義之一：把這個(gè)句子理解為省略了已知的時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)。例如：

Tom has been out.湯姆外出了（持續(xù)至今仍未歸）。理解為：

Tom has been out since last night.

Tom has been very busy. 湯姆（近來(lái)，最近幾天）很忙。理解為：

Tom has been very busy recently (these days).

Tom has been ill. 湯姆（近來(lái)）一直病著。理解為：

Tom has been ill recently (for a week).

包括下面3個(gè)句子，同樣可以理解為省略了已知的時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)。

Tom has stayed in the office.（湯姆一直呆在辦公室里）

Tom has lived in this town. （湯姆一直住在這座城里）

Tom has been in Beijing. （湯姆一直在北京）

(具體省略的時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)，略去，不再贅述)

歧義之二：因?yàn)闆](méi)有時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)，所以，可以把上述句子理解為這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)“已經(jīng)終止或結(jié)束”。即上述各句也可理解為：

Tom has been out. 湯姆外出回來(lái)了。

Tom has been very busy. 湯姆已忙完了。

Tom has been ill. 湯姆生過(guò)病，現(xiàn)在好了。

Tom has stayed in the office. 湯姆曾在辦公室里呆過(guò)。

Tom has lived in this town. 湯姆在這城里住過(guò)。

Tom has been in Beijing. 湯姆在北京待過(guò)。

【結(jié)論】一個(gè)持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，用于“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的時(shí)候，本來(lái)應(yīng)該帶有“時(shí)間段”的狀語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)候卻沒(méi)有，這時(shí)，必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。怎么辦？只有按照實(shí)際語(yǔ)境予以理解和判斷！

這些天我一直在思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題。得出以上看法，是經(jīng)過(guò)我深思熟慮，并融入了自己深刻的思辨。

一個(gè)持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，用于“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該帶有“時(shí)間段”的狀語(yǔ)，這是語(yǔ)言的邏輯，我們應(yīng)該遵守，否則會(huì)引起誤解或句子歧義現(xiàn)象。

Tom has been out.這個(gè)句子是否符合語(yǔ)法？孤立的一個(gè)句子到底是什么意思？

我認(rèn)為，表動(dòng)作的go out用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)沒(méi)錯(cuò)，同樣，表狀態(tài)的be out用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也沒(méi)錯(cuò)。問(wèn)題是，Tom has been out.的含義與Tom has gone out.不同。前者蘊(yùn)含著“外出一段時(shí)間”，后者沒(méi)有。最關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題是，Tom has been out.所表達(dá)的意思不清晰。如果回答“Where is Tom?”，我們用“He has gone out.”，或者“He is out.”不用“He has been out.”

我的意思是，并非說(shuō)have (has) been out一定要跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段連用，而是說(shuō)“表狀態(tài)”的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其本身多表示“這個(gè)狀態(tài)持續(xù)的時(shí)間”。以下例句充分說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)，雖然其中一些have (has) been out表達(dá)了比喻的意義，或者含有out of短語(yǔ)，但其本質(zhì)是一樣的。

1. have / has been +out

We have been out on the ice since March and the Arctic summer is nearly here.從三月份到現(xiàn)在我們一直在冰原上，而北極的夏天正日益臨近。

A source told the New York Post newspaper: Britney has been missing recent recording sessions because she has been out all night partying.一位消息人士向《紐約郵報(bào)》透露：“布蘭妮因?yàn)檎�晚忙著派�?duì)，所以近來(lái)一直沒(méi)有進(jìn)棚錄音。”

I think it’s important he is back on the field for Manchester United and back playing 90 minutes, and also gets his confidence back because he has been out for a long time.我認(rèn)為當(dāng)他康復(fù)歸來(lái)并得能為曼聯(lián)踢上個(gè)90分鐘的比賽，這才是重要的地方，這也能讓他找回些自信，要知道他可是離開(kāi)賽場(chǎng)不短的時(shí)間了。

It is not headline-making news; this information has been out there for years.這不是故意為了抓人眼球的新聞。這已經(jīng)多年前就出現(xiàn)的舊聞。

Someone asked me recently if I thought this book was dated, since it has been out for several years. 最近，有人問(wèn)我是否認(rèn)為這本書已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了，因?yàn)檫@本書從出版到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有好幾年時(shí)間了。

Some people are saying their service has been out since the morning.有人說(shuō)從早上起，服務(wù)就出問(wèn)題了。

The coalminers have been out on strike for several weeks now. 煤礦工人已罷工了幾個(gè)星期。

The fire has been out for hours. 火熄了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)了。

I'm afraid the book has been out for some time. 恐怕這本書已借出一段時(shí)間了。

I have been out of shape ever since I left the army.自從我離開(kāi)軍隊(duì)后，我的身體一直很差。

He has been out of debt since he stopped gambling.他戒賭博后，不再欠債了。

The piano has been out of use for several years.這架鋼琴已多年不用了。

Democrats have been out of power for some time.民主黨人在野已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間了。

Many people have been out of work recently.最近有許多人失業(yè)。

I have been out of touch with him since last autumn.自去年秋天以來(lái)，我就與他失去了聯(lián)系。

He has been out of condition for several weeks.他身體不好已有幾個(gè)星期了。

He has been out of touch with his teacher since the war.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后，他就和他的老師失去了聯(lián)系。

The zone is controlled by Russian military forces and has been out of reach during the past weeks due to the unstable security situation.這個(gè)緩沖區(qū)由俄羅斯軍隊(duì)控制，由于安全形勢(shì)不穩(wěn)定，過(guò)去幾星期來(lái)一直無(wú)法進(jìn)入。

這個(gè)問(wèn)題是個(gè)例，還是普遍現(xiàn)象？為了有更多的證據(jù)佐證這個(gè)問(wèn)題，其他情況“表持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，我也找了很多的例句，幾乎都是跟一個(gè)“表示時(shí)間段”的狀語(yǔ)連用。

上一頁(yè)  [1] [2] [3] 下一頁(yè)