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f. 先行項(xiàng)兼指人和物時(shí)，必須用that。例如：　　

He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car. 　　

I saw a boy and his dog that were walking in the park.　　

g. 避免與先行項(xiàng)who重復(fù)時(shí)，應(yīng)用that，例如：　　

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 　　

h. 先行項(xiàng)前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞等修飾時(shí)，常用that。例如：　　

I knew her father for the simplest, hardest working man that ever drew the breath of life. 　　

i. 先行項(xiàng)前有the only, the very, the same, all等修飾時(shí)，常用that。例如：　　

That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.  　　

All the passengers that were injured were carried to the hospital.　　

j. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，多用that，也可用who。例如：　　

It was 　Columbus　 that/who discovered 　　America　　 in 1492.　　

k. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)關(guān)系從句時(shí)，其中的關(guān)系代詞不能用who或that，只能用 whom。例如：　　

The people with whom he worked thought he was a bit strange. (可以改為: The people who/that/whom he worked with thought he was a bit strange. )　　

Is he the student to whom you gave the book? 相當(dāng)于Is he the student (that) you gave the book to? (黃永安主編《新編大學(xué)英語語法》(華中理工大學(xué)出版社 1997年3月第1版) P287)　　

I know the student you gave the book to.　　

I know the student that you gave the book to.　　

I know the student that you gave the book to.　　

I know the student whom you gave the book to.　　

I know the student to whom you gave the book to. (正式表達(dá)法)  　　

(潘歡懷《現(xiàn)代英語實(shí)用句法》(北京師范大學(xué)出版社 1984年9月第1版)p462)　　

l. 在“It’s +名詞+關(guān)系從句+關(guān)系從句”中，后一個(gè)關(guān)系從句要用 that引導(dǎo)。例如：　　

It is only a man who has seen much of the world that can be a leader.　　

m. 關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系從句中作表語時(shí)，多用that或省略。例如：　　

He was not the man that he was.　　

　4.3.2　關(guān)系代詞that和which之間的用法區(qū)別 　　

關(guān)系代詞that和which都可以指物，可以作主語、賓語和表語，往往可以互換。 　　

a. 當(dāng)不定代詞everything, anything, nothing, something，much, little one, all, few, none指物作先行項(xiàng)時(shí)，多用that。例如： 　　

Everything that you say to him goes in one ear and out the other.　　

All that glitters is not gold.  　　

I hope the little that I’ve done has been useful.　　

There’s little (that) I can do to make for lost time.　　

There was nothing that a beetle could have lunch upon.　　

上句中的that通常可以省略。在以“It+ be”,“That +be”或“There +be”開頭的句子，關(guān)系代詞作主語，通常可以省略。再如：　　

That was her spirit (that) inspired him.　　

但有時(shí)關(guān)系代詞也可用which。例如：　　

The word “if” suggests that the speaker is pretending to doubt something which he does not regard as important.　　

Matter is the name given to everything which has weight and occupies space.　　

A negatively charged body is one which contains more electrons than normal number.　　

This is all which Mr. Black could offer.　　

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