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喋喋不休地講述自己的作品是令人厭煩的,但我的人生是與我的作品緊密相連的,不講作品,我感到無(wú)從下嘴,所以還得請(qǐng)各位原諒。
Prattling on and on about my own work must be annoying, but my life and works are inextricably linked, so if I don’t talk about my work, I don’t know what else to say. I hope you are in a forgiving mood.
在我的早期作品中,我作為一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的說(shuō)書(shū)人,是隱藏在文本背后的,但從《檀香刑》這部小說(shuō)開(kāi)始,我終于從后臺(tái)跳到了前臺(tái)。如果說(shuō)我早期的作品是自言自語(yǔ),目無(wú)讀者,從這本書(shū)開(kāi)始,我感覺(jué)到自己是站在一個(gè)廣場(chǎng)上,面對(duì)著許多聽(tīng)眾,繪聲繪色地講述。這是世界小說(shuō)的傳統(tǒng),更是中國(guó)小說(shuō)的傳統(tǒng)。我也曾積極地向西方的現(xiàn)代派小說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí),也曾經(jīng)玩弄過(guò)形形色色的敘事花樣,但我最終回歸了傳統(tǒng)。當(dāng)然,這種回歸,不是一成不變的回歸,《檀香刑》和之后的小說(shuō),是繼承了中國(guó)古典小說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)又借鑒了西方小說(shuō)技術(shù)的混合文本。小說(shuō)領(lǐng)域的所謂創(chuàng)新,基本上都是這種混合的產(chǎn)物。不僅僅是本國(guó)文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)與外國(guó)小說(shuō)技巧的混合,也是小說(shuō)與其他的藝術(shù)門(mén)類(lèi)的混合,就像《檀香刑》是與民間戲曲的混合,就像我早期的一些小說(shuō)從美術(shù)、音樂(lè)、甚至雜技中汲取了營(yíng)養(yǎng)一樣。
I was a modern-day storyteller who hid in the background of his early work; but with the novel Sandalwood Death I jumped out of the shadows. My early work can be characterized as a series of soliloquies, with no reader in mind; starting with this novel, however, I visualized myself standing in a public square spiritedly telling my story to a crowd of listeners. This tradition is a worldwide phenomenon in fiction, but is especially so in China. At one time, I was a diligent student of Western modernist fiction, and I experimented with all sorts of narrative styles. But in the end I came back to my traditions. To be sure, this return was not without its modifications. Sandalwood Death and the novels that followed are inheritors of the Chinese classical novel tradition but enhanced by Western literary techniques. What is known as innovative fiction is, for the most part, a result of this mixture, which is not limited to domestic traditions with foreign techniques, but can include mixing fiction with art from other realms. Sandalwood Death, for instance, mixes fiction with local opera, while some of my early work was partly nurtured by fine art, music, even acrobatics.
最后,請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我再講一下我的《生死疲勞》。這個(gè)書(shū)名來(lái)自佛教經(jīng)典,據(jù)我所知,為翻譯這個(gè)書(shū)名,各國(guó)的翻譯家都很頭痛。我對(duì)佛教經(jīng)典并沒(méi)有深入研究,對(duì)佛教的理解自然十分膚淺,之所以以此為題,是因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得佛教的許多基本思想,是真正的宇宙意識(shí),人世中許多紛爭(zhēng),在佛家的眼里,是毫無(wú)意義的。這樣一種至高眼界下的人世,顯得十分可悲。當(dāng)然,我沒(méi)有把這本書(shū)寫(xiě)成布道詞,我寫(xiě)的還是人的命運(yùn)與人的情感,人的局限與人的寬容,以及人為追求幸福、堅(jiān)持自己的信念所做出的努力與犧牲。小說(shuō)中那位以一己之身與時(shí)代潮流對(duì)抗的藍(lán)臉,在我心目中是一位真正的英雄。這個(gè)人物的原型,是我們鄰村的一位農(nóng)民,我童年時(shí),經(jīng)常看到他推著一輛吱吱作響的木輪車(chē),從我家門(mén)前的道路上通過(guò)。給他拉車(chē)的,是一頭瘸腿的毛驢,為他牽驢的,是他小腳的妻子。這個(gè)奇怪的勞動(dòng)組合,在當(dāng)時(shí)的集體化社會(huì)里,顯得那么古怪和不合時(shí)宜,在我們這些孩子的眼里,也把他們看成是逆歷史潮流而動(dòng)的小丑,以至于當(dāng)他們從街上經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí),我們會(huì)充滿(mǎn)義憤地朝他們投擲石塊。事過(guò)多年,當(dāng)我拿起筆來(lái)寫(xiě)作時(shí),這個(gè)人物,這個(gè)畫(huà)面,便浮現(xiàn)在我的腦海中。我知道,我總有一天會(huì)為他寫(xiě)一本書(shū),我遲早要把他的故事講給天下人聽(tīng),但一直到了2005年,當(dāng)我在一座廟宇里看到“六道輪回”的壁畫(huà)時(shí),才明白了講述這個(gè)故事的正確方法。
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