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英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主要知識(shí)歸納

1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成與用法

英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種。決定動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主要看動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也就是說(shuō)它們是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，也就是說(shuō)它們是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。如：

English is taught in most schools. 大多數(shù)學(xué)校都教英語(yǔ)。

The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子們不允許在草地上玩耍。

After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital. 事故發(fā)生之后受傷的人被送往醫(yī)院急救。

2. 九種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

請(qǐng)看以下用例：

We are given a lot of homework to do. 我們有很多作業(yè)要做。

They were given a warm send-off. 他們受到熱烈的歡送。

I think we are being followed. 我想有人在跟蹤我們。

They told me that the case was being investigated. 他們告訴我案子正在調(diào)查。

The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他們找尋的文件已找到了。

He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital. 他問(wèn)瑪麗是否已被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院。

Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught. 仔細(xì)檢查一遍，把所有錯(cuò)誤都找出來(lái)。

He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道他會(huì)為此受到懲罰。

3. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：

You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能請(qǐng)你在會(huì)上發(fā)言。

Whenever (they are) known, such facts should be reported. 這類情況一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)就要報(bào)告。

All the above items can be obtained from our office. 所有上述資料可向我們辦公室索取。

Something must be done to stop these accidents. 必須采取某種措施以防止這些事故。

These books may be appreciated better by older children. 年齡稍大的孩子可能更會(huì)欣賞這些書。

4. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

“動(dòng)詞＋介詞或副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，以及“動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不要漏掉后面的介詞或副詞。如：

Good use is made of the library. 這圖書館的利用率很高。

A man who is much talked about is always very attractive. 被人談?wù)摱嗟娜私?jīng)常是很有吸引力的人。

Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory. 我們實(shí)驗(yàn)室做了許多有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

5. 關(guān)于“get+過(guò)去分詞”

在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用“get+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我盡快穿上衣服。

I wasn’t surprised she get elected after all the efforts she made. 她盡了一切力量之后，當(dāng)選了，這不使我感到奇怪。

We got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 因?yàn)楣?jié)日交通阻塞，所以我們被耽誤了。

I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost. 我試圖不帶地圖在倫敦尋路，結(jié)果迷路了。

注：這樣結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見的搭配有get arrested, get caught, get confused, get delayed, get divorced, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get elected, get engaged, get hit, get killed, get lost, get married, get stuck等。