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確定分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的四個(gè)絕招

第一招弄清分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的概念

分詞屬非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，即不用作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，所以它沒(méi)有真正的主語(yǔ)。但是，分詞作為動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它應(yīng)有自己理論上或邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，即邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：

I often hear him singing this song. 我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)他唱這首歌。(him 是singing的邏輯主語(yǔ))

Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying. 聽(tīng)到這消息，他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的邏輯主語(yǔ))

若用的是過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，則上面提到的邏輯主語(yǔ)實(shí)為“邏輯賓語(yǔ)”。如：

I often hear this song sung. 我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到有人唱這首歌。(this song是sung的邏輯主語(yǔ)，但是sing 的邏輯賓語(yǔ))

I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看見(jiàn)她被送到手術(shù)室。(her是being taken 的邏輯主語(yǔ)，但是take 的邏輯賓語(yǔ))

第二招  理清使用分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

分詞作狀語(yǔ)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常應(yīng)是句子的主語(yǔ)，否則會(huì)出錯(cuò)。請(qǐng)看下題：

1. Finding her car stolen, _________.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

此題答案應(yīng)選D，因?yàn)榫涫子米鳡钫Z(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)finding her car stolen 的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是“她”，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等。

在使用分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)還要注意根據(jù)句意判斷是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。如：

2. _________ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told      B. Though to be told

C. Having told          D. He was told

根據(jù)句意，he 與 tell 應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。從時(shí)間上看，應(yīng)該是“被告訴”在先，“沒(méi)有理解”在后，故選A。比較下題由于句中用了并列連詞but，情況有所不同：

3. _________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told      B. Though he was told

C. To have been told      D. He was told

此題答案選D，句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個(gè)句子為并列句，同時(shí)表明 but 前應(yīng)是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，而不能是一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(所以不能選A或C)。

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