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如何理解賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)

理解賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)響應(yīng)，應(yīng)注意以下幾種情況：

1. 無需呼應(yīng)的情況：若主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)�來時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)句意的需要使用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。如：

He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。

No one knows where he was born. 沒有人知道他出生于何地。

Tom says that he’ll never get married. 湯姆說他永遠(yuǎn)不結(jié)婚。

2. 主句為過去時(shí)的情況：若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：

She asked me if I’d slept well. 她問我睡得好不好。

I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個(gè)地方。

He said he was going to accompany her home. 他說他將陪她回家。

當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，即使賓語從句所表示的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在，通常也用過去時(shí)。如：

Oh! I didn’t know you were here. 啊! 我不知道你在這里。(you were here指說話的當(dāng)時(shí))

Hello! I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 你好! 我不知道你在倫敦。你來這里多久了? (you were in London其實(shí)是指說話的當(dāng)時(shí))

當(dāng)然，為避免誤會(huì)，我們也可以直接使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)�來時(shí)態(tài)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來要發(fā)生的情況，而無需考慮與主句謂語的過去時(shí)相呼應(yīng)。如：

She said she’ll be back tonight. 她說她今晚回來。

He said that the meeting is Tuesday. 他說會(huì)議于星期二舉行。

3. 從句為客觀真理的情況：當(dāng)賓語從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)，可以不受時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的限制，即使主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如(www.52ysedu.com)：

The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound. 老師告訴學(xué)生，光的速度比聲速快。

When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時(shí)候，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。