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| 虛擬條件句的基本類型與結(jié)構(gòu) | |||
| 作者:spen 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2010/8/12 |
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虛擬條件句的基本類型與結(jié)構(gòu) 一、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,虛擬語氣的條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were),主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。如: If you took a taxi,you'd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租車去,你可以快一點(diǎn)到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號碼,我就可以給她打電話了。(可惜我不知道) 二、與過去事實(shí)相反 若與過去事實(shí)相反,虛擬語氣的條件從句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)(had+過去分詞),主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+have+過去分詞”。如: If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,我就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。(但我動(dòng)身太遲了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我們當(dāng)時(shí)早點(diǎn)找到他的話,我們就可以救活他。(可惜我們找到他太晚了) 三、與將來事實(shí)相反 若與將來事實(shí)相反,條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were),主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。如: If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去嗎?(大概他不會(huì)去) If I asked him,I'm sure he'd help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他會(huì)幫助我們。(不過我不打算這樣做) 注意與說明:對于與將來事實(shí)相反的情形,請注意以下幾點(diǎn): 一是這里說的與將來事實(shí)相反,實(shí)為對將來情況的推測; 二是此用法中的條件從句謂語除用過去式外,有時(shí)也用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(表示可能性極小,常譯為“萬一”)或“were to+動(dòng)詞原形”(表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)); 三是當(dāng)條件從句使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的謂語時(shí),主句謂語除可用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣外,也可用陳述語氣或祈使語氣。如: If I should see him, I'll tell him. 萬一我見到他,我就告訴他。 If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 萬一明天下雨,就別等我了。 |
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