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談?wù)?/SPAN>“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

作者：陳穆嘉（湖南）

來(lái)源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2004年第10期（pp33-35)

“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)十分有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅是考試中的重要考點(diǎn)，而且在口語(yǔ)中也用得非常廣泛。可用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動(dòng)詞有 advise, allow, ask, bear, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, teach, tell, trouble, want, warn, wish 等。如：

I hate women to smoke. 我不喜歡女人抽煙。

    The doctor advised me to take a complete rest.  醫(yī)生建議我完全休息。

He didn’t allow the students to go there. 他沒(méi)讓學(xué)生們?nèi)ツ莾骸?/SPAN>

    The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天氣寒冷凍死了植物。

He ordered the work to be started at once. 他命令馬上開(kāi)始工作。

We expected him to arrive yesterday.  我們?cè)�認(rèn)為他昨天會(huì)到的。

    We invited him to take part in the celebration. 我們邀請(qǐng)他一起參加慶祝會(huì)。

The doctor warned him not to smoke. 醫(yī)生告誡他不要抽煙。

My parents encouraged me to study abroad. 父母鼓勵(lì)我出國(guó)留學(xué)。

    They forced her to sign [into signing] the paper. 他們強(qiáng)迫她在文件上簽字。

    He persuaded his wife to change her mind. 他說(shuō)服他妻子改變了主意。

值得注意的是，漢語(yǔ)中許多“……某人做某事”的情形不能想當(dāng)然地用此結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯，下面是一些典型的例子：

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“害怕某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) fear sb to do sth。如：

我害怕他會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們。

誤：I fear him to find us.

正：I fear that he will find us.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“原諒某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) excuse [forgive] sb to do sth。如：

請(qǐng)?jiān)�諒我沒(méi)有早點(diǎn)給你回信。

誤：Excuse me not to answer your letter earlier.

誤：Excuse me not to have answered your letter earlier.

正：Excuse me for not answering your letter earlier.

正：Excuse me for not having answered your letter earlier.

正：Excuse my not answering your letter earlier.

正：Excuse my not having answered your letter earlier.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“拒絕某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) refuse sb to do sth。如：

他拒絕我使用他的自行車(chē)。

誤：He refused me to use his bike.

正：He refused to let me use his bike.

正：He didn’t allow me to use his bike.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“懲罰某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) punish sb to do sth。如：

老師罰他掃地。

誤：The teacher punished him to sweep the floor.

正：The teacher punished him by requiring him to sweep the floor.

●漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“建議某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) suggest sb to do sth。如：

他妻子建議他戒煙。

誤：His wife suggested him to give up smoking.

正：His wife suggested that he (should) give up smoking.

正：His wife suggested his [him] giving up smoking.

正：His wife advised him to give up smoking.

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