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一道非常容易出錯(cuò)的定語從句考題

請(qǐng)看下面這道題，名詞place后面該用什么關(guān)系詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句：

He likes living alone, and says that he wants to go and live in a place _________ nobody knows.

A. where                        B. that                        C. when                        D. what

有的同學(xué)一看到 place 是表示“地點(diǎn)”的名詞，于是就毫不猶豫地選了A，但是錯(cuò)了，最佳答案應(yīng)是B。表示“地點(diǎn)”的名詞后到底是用 where 還是用 that 或 which 來引導(dǎo)定語從句，原則上應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：

一是看關(guān)系詞的句法功能。由于 where 是關(guān)系副詞，它在定語從句中用作狀語，而that 和 which 是關(guān)系代詞，它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中用作主語或賓語。所以區(qū)別是關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)鍵就是看定語從句是否缺主語或賓語，若缺主語或賓語則用關(guān)系代詞，若不缺主語或賓語則用關(guān)系副詞。比較：

(1) This is the room _________I lived ten years ago.

A. that                        B. where                        C. who                        D. what

(2) This is the room _________I lived in ten years ago.

A. that                        B. where                        C. who                        D. what

(3) This is the room _________I bought ten years ago.

A. that                        B. where                        C. who                        D. what

(4) This is the room _________I visited ten years ago.

A. that                        B. where                        C. who                        D. what

(5) This is the room _________I was born ten years ago.

A. that                        B. where                        C. who                        D. what

第(1)題選B，因?yàn)?/FONT> live 是不及物動(dòng)詞，它無需接賓語；第(2)題選A，因?yàn)殡m然 live 不及物，但live in 卻是及物，它應(yīng)有自己的賓語；第(3)(4)題也應(yīng)選A，因?yàn)?/FONT> buy 和 visit均為及物動(dòng)詞，它們應(yīng)有自己的賓語；第(5)應(yīng)選B，因?yàn)?/FONT> be born 無需有自己的賓語。