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學好分詞邏輯主語的四個關鍵點

關鍵點一：把握分詞邏輯主語的概念

分詞屬非謂語動詞，即不用作謂語的動詞，所以它沒有真正的主語。但是，分詞作為動詞的一種形式，它應有自己理論上或邏輯上的主語，即邏輯主語。如：

I often hear him singing this song. 我經(jīng)常聽他唱這首歌。(him 是singing的邏輯主語)

Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying. 聽到這消息，他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的邏輯主語)

若用的是過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，則上面提到的邏輯主語實為“邏輯賓語”。如：

I often hear this song sung. 我經(jīng)常聽到有人唱這首歌。(this song是sung的邏輯主語，但是sing 的邏輯賓語)

I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看見她被送到手術室。(her是being taken 的邏輯主語，但是take 的邏輯賓語)

關鍵點二：提防使用分詞邏輯主語的錯點

分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語通常應是句子的主語，否則會出錯。請看下題：

1. Finding her car stolen, _________.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

此題答案應選D，因為句首用作狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞短語finding her car stolen 的邏輯主語應是“她”，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等。

在使用分詞的邏輯主語時還要注意根據(jù)句意判斷是主動還是被動。如：

2. _________ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told      B. Though to be told

C. Having told          D. He was told

根據(jù)句意，he 與 tell 應是被動關系。從時間上看，應該是“被告訴”在先，“沒有理解”在后，故選A。比較下題由于句中用了并列連詞but，情況有所不同：

3. _________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told      B. Though he was told

C. To have been told      D. He was told

此題答案選D，句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個句子為并列句，同時表明 but 前應是一個獨立的句子，而不能是一個非謂語動詞短語(所以不能選A或C)。

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