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賓語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)指要

用來(lái)充作賓語(yǔ)的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。如：

He asked what you were doing last night. 他問(wèn)你昨天夜晚在干什么。

I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原來(lái)不知道他在那事故中受了傷。

Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday?  你能解釋上周星期日他為什么沒(méi)有來(lái)參加聚會(huì)嗎？

在賓語(yǔ)從句中須注意：

1. that 在口語(yǔ)中常被省略，但在正式的文體中，不能省；并且它一般不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，但可引導(dǎo)except, but, in 等少數(shù)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：

I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。

I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身體舒服，我愿做任何事情來(lái)幫助你。

2. 賓語(yǔ)從句之后帶有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)成分時(shí)，一般須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)從句放到句末，此時(shí)的that不能省。如：

The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那個(gè)男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。

3. 動(dòng)詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅(jiān)決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語(yǔ)從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即：(should) do的形式。

He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我們?cè)诰劈c(diǎn)鐘之前趕到那兒。

The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老師勸告我們不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。

4. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)。即(from www.52ysedu.com)：

1)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)��?lái)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)表示。如：

He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說(shuō)他是我們的好朋友。

When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當(dāng)老師知道我們所干的事情時(shí)，他會(huì)說(shuō)我們做了一件好事。

2)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用響應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他沒(méi)有告訴我們他來(lái)自上海。

He said he had read the book. 他說(shuō)他讀過(guò)這本書。

3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)，而不受時(shí)間的限制時(shí)，即使主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如(from www.52ysedu.com)：

Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席說(shuō)一切帝國(guó)主義者都是紙老虎。

When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時(shí)候，人們就告訴我們說(shuō)中國(guó)在世界的東方。