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主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法

一、簡(jiǎn)單句的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

(1) 通常的辦法是：將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e / get +過(guò)去分詞”形式，將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)(若動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明則可以省略該by短語(yǔ))。如：

Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 這棵樹(shù)是李蕾去年栽的。

Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in Changsha. 這些機(jī)器是長(zhǎng)沙造的。

(2) 將含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)則留在原處成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：

He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天門被漆成綠色了。

注意：表示“使、讓”的動(dòng)詞make, have等，以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前的 to 要省略，而變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式，則必須帶to。如：

I saw him go into the teachers’office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’office. 看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)入了教師辦公室。

(3) 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的句子變?yōu)?SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，既可將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to 或for留在動(dòng)詞之后；也可將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，而直接賓語(yǔ)留在動(dòng)詞之后。但一般采用后一種用法。如(from www.52ysedu.com)：

He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 這支筆是去年給我的。

【說(shuō)明】一般說(shuō)來(lái)，間接賓語(yǔ)前帶to的動(dòng)詞有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；間接賓語(yǔ)前帶for的動(dòng)詞有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等(from www.52ysedu.com)。

(4) 動(dòng)詞believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。如：

He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人們說(shuō)他在車禍中受傷了。

It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人們說(shuō)他在車禍中受傷了。

(5) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。如：

She has never been operated on before. 她從未動(dòng)過(guò)手術(shù)。

The baby was looked after by her sister. 這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。

His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的計(jì)劃大家都嘲笑。

二、復(fù)合句的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

復(fù)合句的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，復(fù)合句中的主句和從句都須同時(shí)變?yōu)?SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today. →We were told that Li Lei was praised by the teacher today. 有人告訴我們說(shuō)今天李蕾受到了老師的表?yè)P(yáng)(from www.52ysedu.com)。