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1996年考研翻譯題及參考答案

Part Ⅲ English-Chinese Translation

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 31)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 32)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 33)This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.

This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 34)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 35)New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

31. 在這些原因中，有些純屬社會需求；另一些則是由于科學(xué)上某些特定發(fā)展在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生的必然結(jié)果。

32. 這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府要向其科研機構(gòu)提出具體的要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。

33. 給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無關(guān)而將來則可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研予以支持，看來能夠有效地解決這個問題。

34. 然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。

35. 同過去一樣，將來必然出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

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